2. Location Service
TD-SCDMA investigates network-based methods to obtain the angle of arrival (AOA) and time of arrival (TOA) via subspace tracking and channel impulsive estimation. By incorporating the spatial–temporal channel of radio propagation, this technology proposes a unified objective function to extract mobile location information from the statistical distribution of AOA and TOA data in a cellular network.[1] The adoption of intelligent antenna and terminal synchronization technologies in TD-SCDMA has made positioning of a single base station possible. Compared with WCDMA and CDMA2000 systems, the TD-SCDMA system can provide a single base station with more accurate signal source positioning without additional GPS module. The speed of positioning turns faster, with more users getting more accurate positioning service at the same time. This service is useful for individual users, the location service can provide not only the location information of users, also transportation, entertainment, service, public facilities and location-based entertainment games, etc. On the other hand, rescue positioning, nursing, vehicle dispatching, logistic management and location advertisement services can also be provided to specific sectors.
3. Video Monitoring Service
The video monitoring service can capture real-time video signal through simulated or digital video equipment, and send the video signal to the streaming media service platform on the network for format transformation, and then play the video on the user-end through a mobile phone. Users can monitor what happen in their houses. Compared to traditional single module video monitoring system, TD-SCDMA can provide a better performance in real-time property and stability. [2]Besides the application mentioned above, the video monitoring service can also be used in many areas, such as monitoring for kindergarten, roads, parks and warehouses to provide customers with an assuring mobile life. According to the report of NTT DoCoMo, by the end of 2004, there were more than 10 million video-enabled mobile phones in Japan. Such a service has been widely accepted by the users. Therefore, with the development of mobile communications technologies and the wide commercialization of 3G in China, the application prospect of mobile video monitoring service is bright.
4. Streaming Media
China Mobile has taken streaming media as an key factor to create interests. It has commenced fiel trails on its streaming media solutions for 3G mobile phones. China Mobile will cooperate with other companies and provide exciting, feature rich content to the users. The streaming media is a service supported by streamed transmission. In the wireless network, the streaming media is mainly oriented toward the wireless packet network with wider bandwidth , such as GPRS/EDGE, UMTS, etc. It can be divided into video service and audio service according to different streaming media sources. The increase of bandwidth in the air interface of 3G network has provided a good foundation for the deployment of streaming media service. Combined with the features of a wireless system with no restriction on time and location, the mobile streaming media service is more appealing. The mobile streaming media can provide services like video-on-demand, live video, audio-on-demand and live audio, etc., the content of which includes TV, video, entertainment news, sports channel, music, news and cartoon, etc. The mobile streaming media will become one of the hottest services in the future 3G network to attract young users.
Reference:
[1] Hong Tang , Ting Li, Tianshuang Qiu and Yongwan Park, A macro-cell statistical location estimation method for TD-SCDMA networks, Signal ProcessingVolume 89, Issue 10,October 2009, Pages 1851-1863
[2] Tian, Zengshan; Zhang, Qin; He, Wei; Li, Qianjie, A novel dual module remote video monitoring system based on TD-SCDMA and CDMA2000 1X, Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 7491, pp. 749110-749110-6 (2009).
Monday, August 24, 2009
Future application II
Besides the fundamental implementation mentioned before, services like PoC, LCS and multimedia can best reveal the advantages of TD-SCDMA.
1. PoC Service
POC service is also called Push-to-Talk service, provides one-to-one and one-to- many voice communications service over cellular networks. [1] The features of TD-SCDMA are especially suitable for the application of POC. In the TDD working mode, the transmission of uplink and downlink data is controlled via the transmission time. The transmission and reception time can be controlled and changed in a flexible manner, making the technology especially suitable for the highly efficient transmission of asymmetric services such as simplex and half-duplex communications. The intelligent antenna provides terminal positioning and tracking capacity, flexible frequency allocation and supports asymmetrical uplink and downlink data, thus bringing low-cost and flexible service capacity to the POC technology. More details are described as follows[2]:
1).Easy frequency selection for convenient POC service employment
Due to the adoption of TDD mode in TD-SCDMA, it is easier to choose suitable frequency band compared with other 3G technology in the employment of POC service. TD-SCDMA is more suitable to operators for its rapid employment and planning of POC service. It can guarantee provision of multi-band mobile phones to users in certain bands (e.g., the military force, public security, etc.) with special requirements.
2).High rate of transmission for a better quality of POC service
The speed of packet data transmission in TD-SCDMA can reach 384kbps, which is a key measure of performance in POC service. At present, voice compression technology is mature , TD-SCDMA improve communication quality due to the high transmission rate .
3).Variable transmission rate supports various QoS requirements in POC service
The services provided by POC include voice, text, or even video services (hopefully in the future). Such services require completely different QoS. For example, the bandwidth requirement of voice service is higher than that of the text, but lower than that of the video. The time lapse required by the voice service is longer than that of the text. The reliability requirement of the text service is higher, while certain transmission errors can be allowed for voice. Different transmission rate can be provided in different TD-SCDMA environment. This feature of variable transmission rate is more suitable for the transmission of media stream in POC service.
4).Strong support of the half-duplex communications increases the efficiency of frequency usage in POC service
The voice service of PoC is half-duplex, which means the user can either speak or listen at one time. TD-SCDMA adopts the TDD duplex mode, which enables one-way communications by adjusting the switch point between uplink and downlink in a flexible manner. Such an operation can also increase the spectrum efficiency.
5).Accurate positioning of the intelligent antenna expands the application range of POC service
The technology of intelligent antenna is adopted in TD-SCDMA for convenient, simple and rapid provision of accurate positioning service. Combined with the presence service, more location-based information can be provided. Moreover, such locations can be integrated into the PoC service platform to enable users to accurately locate the other party during mobile communications. This function is very important in some vertical applications of PoC service.
6).Large system capacity supports more POC users
The capacity of TD-SCDMA is larger than any other 3G systems, and a lot larger than the current 2G/2.5G system. The large capacity means more users in the PoC service. On the other hand, it enables the system to provide other services in addition to the PoC service. That is to say, PoC service has little impact on other services.
Reference:
[1]IMS, TD-SCDMA Shape a Bright Future Together, http://wwwen.zte.com.cn/endata/magazine/mobileworld/2008year/no2/articles/200811/t20081119_162227.html
[2]Service Research and Feature Applications of TD-SCDMA, TD-SCDMA Forum
1. PoC Service
POC service is also called Push-to-Talk service, provides one-to-one and one-to- many voice communications service over cellular networks. [1] The features of TD-SCDMA are especially suitable for the application of POC. In the TDD working mode, the transmission of uplink and downlink data is controlled via the transmission time. The transmission and reception time can be controlled and changed in a flexible manner, making the technology especially suitable for the highly efficient transmission of asymmetric services such as simplex and half-duplex communications. The intelligent antenna provides terminal positioning and tracking capacity, flexible frequency allocation and supports asymmetrical uplink and downlink data, thus bringing low-cost and flexible service capacity to the POC technology. More details are described as follows[2]:
1).Easy frequency selection for convenient POC service employment
Due to the adoption of TDD mode in TD-SCDMA, it is easier to choose suitable frequency band compared with other 3G technology in the employment of POC service. TD-SCDMA is more suitable to operators for its rapid employment and planning of POC service. It can guarantee provision of multi-band mobile phones to users in certain bands (e.g., the military force, public security, etc.) with special requirements.
2).High rate of transmission for a better quality of POC service
The speed of packet data transmission in TD-SCDMA can reach 384kbps, which is a key measure of performance in POC service. At present, voice compression technology is mature , TD-SCDMA improve communication quality due to the high transmission rate .
3).Variable transmission rate supports various QoS requirements in POC service
The services provided by POC include voice, text, or even video services (hopefully in the future). Such services require completely different QoS. For example, the bandwidth requirement of voice service is higher than that of the text, but lower than that of the video. The time lapse required by the voice service is longer than that of the text. The reliability requirement of the text service is higher, while certain transmission errors can be allowed for voice. Different transmission rate can be provided in different TD-SCDMA environment. This feature of variable transmission rate is more suitable for the transmission of media stream in POC service.
4).Strong support of the half-duplex communications increases the efficiency of frequency usage in POC service
The voice service of PoC is half-duplex, which means the user can either speak or listen at one time. TD-SCDMA adopts the TDD duplex mode, which enables one-way communications by adjusting the switch point between uplink and downlink in a flexible manner. Such an operation can also increase the spectrum efficiency.
5).Accurate positioning of the intelligent antenna expands the application range of POC service
The technology of intelligent antenna is adopted in TD-SCDMA for convenient, simple and rapid provision of accurate positioning service. Combined with the presence service, more location-based information can be provided. Moreover, such locations can be integrated into the PoC service platform to enable users to accurately locate the other party during mobile communications. This function is very important in some vertical applications of PoC service.
6).Large system capacity supports more POC users
The capacity of TD-SCDMA is larger than any other 3G systems, and a lot larger than the current 2G/2.5G system. The large capacity means more users in the PoC service. On the other hand, it enables the system to provide other services in addition to the PoC service. That is to say, PoC service has little impact on other services.
Reference:
[1]IMS, TD-SCDMA Shape a Bright Future Together, http://wwwen.zte.com.cn/endata/magazine/mobileworld/2008year/no2/articles/200811/t20081119_162227.html
[2]Service Research and Feature Applications of TD-SCDMA, TD-SCDMA Forum
Future application I
In the future, the most important thing for TD-SCDMA operators is to realize service differentiation to satisfy various requirements from users. They should supply diversity services to attract users. The application of services is also a key factor to complete the industrial chain, as well as an important element for the success of the TD-SCDMA standard. Due to the advantage of TD-SCDMA such like lower cost, higher spectrum efficiency and flexible configuration of uplinks and downlinks, TD-SCDMA can provide differentiated services.Based on the features of TD-SCDMA system, the services offered by TD-SCDMA system can be divided into four categories.
1). Featured Services of TD-SCDMA：LCS (Location) service and PoC. Such services have their unique advantages with the support of the TD-SCDMA wireless technology. They are realized in a different way in other standards, or cannot be realized in other standards.
2). Differentiated Services: videophone and streaming media. At present, the 2.5G network is unable to or hard to deploy such services. However, they can be realized smoothly in the 3G system.
3).Enhanced Services: WAP, MMS, Intelligent network, Coloring Ring Back Tone/Coloring Echo Background Tone, etc. These services are provided in the current 2.5G network, but the high speed of 3G system can present users with a better experience of them.
4).Transplanted Services: SMS, USSD, Mobile Payment, Coloring Ring Back Tone, Coloring Echo Background Tone, Intelligent network, etc. These services have been realized in 2G or 2.5G systems, and it is of no difference to realize them in 3G.
There are three stages for the industrial development of the TD-SCDMA communications technology, which are introduction period, growing period and flourishing period.
(1)Strategy for the introduction period: Nowadays, China mobile invite lots of famous singers to participate Mobile concerts, which are held to courage users to use 3G service and let more people know this new technology. Construction of TD-SCDMA is just in rough shape now. The transplanted services and enhanced services are needed to suit the habit of users. The voice service is regarded as the major service in this period, with the data service as its supplement. Furthermore, differentiated services should be provided to the users at this time to attract usage. The voice service is still the major force of mobile services. This phenomenon will not change fundamentally in the short run following the advent of 3G. Therefore, the TD-SCDMA network is mainly voice-centric service, with due supply of data services. TD-SCDMA has its advantage in its ability of providing not only data services, but also the voice service. The cost of the voice service for a single user is much lower than that of the 2G system.
1). Featured Services of TD-SCDMA：LCS (Location) service and PoC. Such services have their unique advantages with the support of the TD-SCDMA wireless technology. They are realized in a different way in other standards, or cannot be realized in other standards.
2). Differentiated Services: videophone and streaming media. At present, the 2.5G network is unable to or hard to deploy such services. However, they can be realized smoothly in the 3G system.
3).Enhanced Services: WAP, MMS, Intelligent network, Coloring Ring Back Tone/Coloring Echo Background Tone, etc. These services are provided in the current 2.5G network, but the high speed of 3G system can present users with a better experience of them.
4).Transplanted Services: SMS, USSD, Mobile Payment, Coloring Ring Back Tone, Coloring Echo Background Tone, Intelligent network, etc. These services have been realized in 2G or 2.5G systems, and it is of no difference to realize them in 3G.
There are three stages for the industrial development of the TD-SCDMA communications technology, which are introduction period, growing period and flourishing period.
(1)Strategy for the introduction period: Nowadays, China mobile invite lots of famous singers to participate Mobile concerts, which are held to courage users to use 3G service and let more people know this new technology. Construction of TD-SCDMA is just in rough shape now. The transplanted services and enhanced services are needed to suit the habit of users. The voice service is regarded as the major service in this period, with the data service as its supplement. Furthermore, differentiated services should be provided to the users at this time to attract usage. The voice service is still the major force of mobile services. This phenomenon will not change fundamentally in the short run following the advent of 3G. Therefore, the TD-SCDMA network is mainly voice-centric service, with due supply of data services. TD-SCDMA has its advantage in its ability of providing not only data services, but also the voice service. The cost of the voice service for a single user is much lower than that of the 2G system.
(2) Strategy for the growing period: Voice service is the founamental service, but it is not the main advantage of 3G comparing with old technology. TD-SCDMA network should be improved and optimized continuously in growing period to meet the basic requirements of the users. The differentiated services should be extensively deployed to attract usage . The voice and data services are of equal importance for the development in this stage. The feature services could be developed at this time to diversify differentiation in the competition.
(3) Strategy for the flourishing period: The network in this stage is in full swing. The IMS multimedia sub-system could be introduced to gradually integrate service to the IMS system so as to make use of the features of the IMS system in service development. At this stage, many new implementation are flourishing, for example, VoIP technology will gradually take the place of the existing CS voice technology and will develop into an integrated IP network.
Reference:
Sunday, August 23, 2009
Develop products of TD-SCDMA
Product development process can be divided into four main phases: [1]
1) .product planning and clarifying the task
2). conceptual design
3) .embodiment design
4). detail design
A standard plays an important role in the process of product development. The process should be examined based on the standard requirements from following aspects: [2]
1). Function: the designer should check if the anticipated overall function or sub-function can be fulfilled by the use of a standard solution.
2). Working principle: The designer can look at the possibilities of using existing standards in developing suitable solution principles or concepts.
3). Layout: The basic and special standards-constructional, dimensional, material and safety-must be taken into account.
4). Safety: Working and environmental safety standards must be observed.
5). Ergonomics: The designer should follow the relevant literature to observe the standards required to ensure convenience and safety for the user.
6). Quality control: Test standards and inspection rules should be considered in the design stage.
7). Operation: Standard operations procedures for the product and operating symbols should be considered.
8). Cost: Cost and delivery time must be minimized with the help of standards.
At the same time, designers can play a leading role in the revision of existing standards and the development of new standards. Take a TD-SCDMA tech company as an example to explain these co-effects.
TD Tech Ltd. is a joint venture between Siemens Communications Group and Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. in an effort to significantly boost the industrialization and commercialization of TD-SCDMA technologies.[3]
Early in October 2002, the Chinese Ministry of Information Industry (MII) allocated the 155MHZ spectrum to TDD, paving the way for the commercialization of the TD-SCDMA standard in China. Siemens and Huawei have worked closely to initiate research and
development on TD-SCDMA technologies, products and applications. TD Tech’s self-developed equipment has already participated in field tests conducted by the MII and made many changes according to the requirement of the standard. It also supplies many pricious suggestions to modify the standard after tests. To bring TD-SCDMA to the world, Siemens and Huawei Technologies also do many efforts. They hope that through the effort of TD Tech, operators outside of China, including those in Europe and US, will gradually adopt the standard based on its success in China. With the maturing of TD-SCDMA technologies, more manufacturers have
become involved in the development process, driving the formation of a more comprehensive product chain. As a joint venture dedicated to TD-SCDMA, TD Tech sufficiently leverages the technical advantages of its parent companies to speed up its development of competitive products and solutions. TD Tech also contributes to the industrialization of the TD-SCDMA standard in China.
Reference:
[1] Hesser, Feilzer, de Vries, Standardization in companies and markets, p144
[2] Hesser, Feilzer, de Vries, Standardization in companies and markets, p148
Saturday, August 22, 2009
Barriers exist in the development
The rapid progress of information and communication technologies has increased the importance of TD-SCDMA. But there are still some barriers slow down its development.
1. Switching cost
Before using particular standard, consumers are free to choose alternative technologies. But after they have purchased the product with a particular standard, it will become increasingly expensive for them to switch to another. [1] For example, most of the popular use GSM, though it is healthier to use CDMA, the signal of which is also better than GSM. This is due to switch cost on equipment. GSM developed much earlier and most of people’s mobile phone is for GSM. When consumers want to change their services to CDMA, they are required to buy another mobile phone. This switch cost slow down the development of CDMA in China. Same problem may occur again when China wants to develop TD-SCDMA: lots of 2.5 G mobile phone will die out and costumers should buy 3G mobile phone. As Chinese government announced to develop 3G technology very early, most of the mobile phones making companies like NOKIA, MOTO sold 3G mobile phones several years ago. Some mobile phones can be used under 3G standards, those companies hope switching cost won’t influence too much to the development of TD-SCDMA. Furthermore, they think advanced services of TD-SCDMA like GPS and stream media, attract young people who are willing to try new technology and service. Switch cost is not so important for them.
2. high investment
To establish its own 3G standard, China spend large amount of money and the research period is long. It is still a very tough task to let consumers to accept this new standard. Large efforts and money are needed. China Mobile has already invested 44 billion yuan ($6.45 billion) on its TD-SCDMA network rollout and is on its way through a 55.8 billion yuan ($8.18 billion) program to expand coverage to 200 cities by year-end.[2] Only some famous high tech companies are able to participate the research of TD-SCDMA and afford huge research expense. For example Siemens started its development in TD-SCDMA back in 1998 and has been investing more than USD170 million so far. Today, several test networks running in China are proving that this technology is mature. Siemens will be contributing to the joint venture development know-how and products as well as 160 Siemens employees already working in Beijing. High requirements of investment and research ability make that small companies are impossible to participate the research of the new standard. High investment also leads to cautious company strategy to develop this technology. Lack of infrastructure has been a main limit to develop TD-SCDMA.
Reference:
[1] Hesser, Feilzer, de Vries, Standardization in companies and markets, p67
[2] China Mobile sign deal on 3G http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2009/08/25/2003451978
1. Switching cost
Before using particular standard, consumers are free to choose alternative technologies. But after they have purchased the product with a particular standard, it will become increasingly expensive for them to switch to another. [1] For example, most of the popular use GSM, though it is healthier to use CDMA, the signal of which is also better than GSM. This is due to switch cost on equipment. GSM developed much earlier and most of people’s mobile phone is for GSM. When consumers want to change their services to CDMA, they are required to buy another mobile phone. This switch cost slow down the development of CDMA in China. Same problem may occur again when China wants to develop TD-SCDMA: lots of 2.5 G mobile phone will die out and costumers should buy 3G mobile phone. As Chinese government announced to develop 3G technology very early, most of the mobile phones making companies like NOKIA, MOTO sold 3G mobile phones several years ago. Some mobile phones can be used under 3G standards, those companies hope switching cost won’t influence too much to the development of TD-SCDMA. Furthermore, they think advanced services of TD-SCDMA like GPS and stream media, attract young people who are willing to try new technology and service. Switch cost is not so important for them.
2. high investment
To establish its own 3G standard, China spend large amount of money and the research period is long. It is still a very tough task to let consumers to accept this new standard. Large efforts and money are needed. China Mobile has already invested 44 billion yuan ($6.45 billion) on its TD-SCDMA network rollout and is on its way through a 55.8 billion yuan ($8.18 billion) program to expand coverage to 200 cities by year-end.[2] Only some famous high tech companies are able to participate the research of TD-SCDMA and afford huge research expense. For example Siemens started its development in TD-SCDMA back in 1998 and has been investing more than USD170 million so far. Today, several test networks running in China are proving that this technology is mature. Siemens will be contributing to the joint venture development know-how and products as well as 160 Siemens employees already working in Beijing. High requirements of investment and research ability make that small companies are impossible to participate the research of the new standard. High investment also leads to cautious company strategy to develop this technology. Lack of infrastructure has been a main limit to develop TD-SCDMA.
Reference:
[1] Hesser, Feilzer, de Vries, Standardization in companies and markets, p67
[2] China Mobile sign deal on 3G http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2009/08/25/2003451978
From economic view II: Global cooperation
A new standard’s development need global cooperation. When Chinese government began to establish TD-SCDMA network, international companies and organizations begin to cooperate from different aspects using various means. Some important meetings and cooperation are listed as follows:
During the journey of Korean President Lee Myung Bak in China in May 2008, he visited the TD-SCDMA cooperation project of SK and Datangmobile. He expressed the interests of TD-SCDMA and the wishes to cooperate with China in this area.
The Fifth Chinese-German Forum for Economic and Technological Cooperation was held in Berlin on January 29, 2009. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao pointed out that TD was nearly the most important content of its electronics and communication working group meeting. TD-SCDMA has dramatic development, especially large scale commercial services. China will cooperate with some famous companies like BITKOM, Deutsche Telekom AG and Nokia Siemens Networks and Chinese ICT industry shows open and international attitude in the global ICT ecology environment.
Not only the mainland of China, also Taiwan is interested in this technology. Taipei, June 5, 2009 (CENS)--The Taiwan government-backed Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) and the mainland China government-held Datang Telecom Technology Co. signed a letter of intent to co-open a network in Taiwan to specifically field test and verify Taiwan-made TD-SCDMA equipment. The cooperation aims at the mainland`s lucrative 3G TD-SCDMA market, which has begun taking shape since the mainland launched the service last month. Industry watchers estimate the mainland will have at least 300 million 3G subscribers in 2013.[1]
Agilent Technologies and Datang Telecom Technology announced the companies signed an agreement to collaborate in the development of TD-SCDMA and related technologies in the test and measurement areas. The work will significantly propel the TD-SCDMA, industry chain and global competitive environment for this important technology. [2]
Obviously, standardization promotes international trade. TD-SCDMA attracts global attention, global cooperation and global competition. Only be accepted by more and more international companies and competing with other standards in worldwide market, TD-SCDMA can be seen as a successful standard.
Reference:
[1]ITRI, China`s Datang Telecom to Open TDSCDMA Test Network in Taiwanhttp://news.cens.com/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_27854.html
[2]Collaboration to Increase Global Competitiveness of TD-SCDMA Industry 30th April , 2009 http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2009/Collaboration_to_Increase_Global_Competitiveness_of_TD_SCDMA_Industry.html)
During the journey of Korean President Lee Myung Bak in China in May 2008, he visited the TD-SCDMA cooperation project of SK and Datangmobile. He expressed the interests of TD-SCDMA and the wishes to cooperate with China in this area.
The Fifth Chinese-German Forum for Economic and Technological Cooperation was held in Berlin on January 29, 2009. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao pointed out that TD was nearly the most important content of its electronics and communication working group meeting. TD-SCDMA has dramatic development, especially large scale commercial services. China will cooperate with some famous companies like BITKOM, Deutsche Telekom AG and Nokia Siemens Networks and Chinese ICT industry shows open and international attitude in the global ICT ecology environment.
Not only the mainland of China, also Taiwan is interested in this technology. Taipei, June 5, 2009 (CENS)--The Taiwan government-backed Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) and the mainland China government-held Datang Telecom Technology Co. signed a letter of intent to co-open a network in Taiwan to specifically field test and verify Taiwan-made TD-SCDMA equipment. The cooperation aims at the mainland`s lucrative 3G TD-SCDMA market, which has begun taking shape since the mainland launched the service last month. Industry watchers estimate the mainland will have at least 300 million 3G subscribers in 2013.[1]
Agilent Technologies and Datang Telecom Technology announced the companies signed an agreement to collaborate in the development of TD-SCDMA and related technologies in the test and measurement areas. The work will significantly propel the TD-SCDMA, industry chain and global competitive environment for this important technology. [2]
Obviously, standardization promotes international trade. TD-SCDMA attracts global attention, global cooperation and global competition. Only be accepted by more and more international companies and competing with other standards in worldwide market, TD-SCDMA can be seen as a successful standard.
Reference:
[1]ITRI, China`s Datang Telecom to Open TDSCDMA Test Network in Taiwanhttp://news.cens.com/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_27854.html
[2]Collaboration to Increase Global Competitiveness of TD-SCDMA Industry 30th April , 2009 http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2009/Collaboration_to_Increase_Global_Competitiveness_of_TD_SCDMA_Industry.html)
Friday, August 21, 2009
From economic view I: positive impacts and negative impacts
As standards have become crucial for economic activities in every corner of the world, we should consider about economic influence about this new standard.
Positive impacts:
Firstly: new standards contain a rich content of the technical knowledge, which is important to boost wireless communication technological progress. For example, Chinese government has put large amount of money to support the development of TD-SCDMA, which influences the development of this industry. Companies are willing to invest more in this technology and more researches are focused in this area.
Second, in the global economy, most international corporations are largely involved in assembling parts and components from various suppliers. In such circumstances, compatibility standards between different parts and components are essential. Different companies and organizations begin to cooperate with each other after China’s implementation of TD-SCDMA. For example, Hong Kong Wireless Development Center and Datang Mobile Communication Equipment Company Ltd announced the full cooperation on the development of TD-SCDMA. A TD-SCDMA Service Development Center is established to assist the cooperation.
Third, TD-SCDMA is a mean for China to catch up the developed countries in wireless communication area. Many developed countries use WCDMA which has been developed and marked maturely. TD-SCDMA is the standard developed by China and it is totally new for developed countries. The new standard can then compensate the gap between China and other countries.
Negative impacts:
There are no guarantees that the standard would be the “right” standard. The effectiveness of “false” standardization is likely to cause the phenomenon known as “cementing the state of technology”.
Reference
Positive impacts:
Firstly: new standards contain a rich content of the technical knowledge, which is important to boost wireless communication technological progress. For example, Chinese government has put large amount of money to support the development of TD-SCDMA, which influences the development of this industry. Companies are willing to invest more in this technology and more researches are focused in this area.
Second, in the global economy, most international corporations are largely involved in assembling parts and components from various suppliers. In such circumstances, compatibility standards between different parts and components are essential. Different companies and organizations begin to cooperate with each other after China’s implementation of TD-SCDMA. For example, Hong Kong Wireless Development Center and Datang Mobile Communication Equipment Company Ltd announced the full cooperation on the development of TD-SCDMA. A TD-SCDMA Service Development Center is established to assist the cooperation.
Third, TD-SCDMA is a mean for China to catch up the developed countries in wireless communication area. Many developed countries use WCDMA which has been developed and marked maturely. TD-SCDMA is the standard developed by China and it is totally new for developed countries. The new standard can then compensate the gap between China and other countries.
Negative impacts:
There are no guarantees that the standard would be the “right” standard. The effectiveness of “false” standardization is likely to cause the phenomenon known as “cementing the state of technology”.
Reference
Thursday, June 18, 2009
Development of TD-SCDMA in China
On 20th January, 2006, Ministry of Information Industry of the PRC formally announced that TD-SCDMA is the country's standard of 3G mobile telecommunication. On 15th February, 2006, a plan for deployment of TD-SCDMA in China was announced, some experiments would start after establishing some networks in those selected cities. These trials continued from March to October, 2006, but the results were apparently unsatisfactory. In early 2007, the largest mobile communication carrier in China, China Mobile built commercial trial networks in eight cities, and the two fixed-line carriers, China Telecom and China Netcom built one each in two other cities. It required that construction of these trial networks should be finished during the fourth quarter of 2007, but there were some delays.
On 28th March, 2008, China Mobile Group announced that TD-SCDMA will begin to use for 60,000 test users in eight selected cities from 1th April. Other 3G standards like WCDMA AND CDMA2000 will be delayed to implement until TD-SCDMA is success.
On 7th January, 2009 three main carriers: China Mobile Ltd., China Unicom Ltd. and China Telecom Corp. obtained the third-generation mobile phone licenses. They went to an agreement of long term plan to develop the standard and they would $41 billion in spending on new equipment.
In 2008, TD performed very well during the 29th Beijing Olympic Games, and gained the success of trial commercial service in Chinese 10 big cities. The standards for TD-LTE, the TD-SCDMA technology migration, have been almost fixed and the product development work is under its way. After gained TD license in Jan 2009, China Mobile issued timetable for TD network construction and subscriber development plan. TD is entering a new commercial history era.
The development of 3G standard took a lot of money and time because China's government wanted to develop its own technology to compete with two global 3G standards.The Chinese-developed standard, TD-SCDMA appeared to be an effort to make sure the new system has the financial and technical backing to succeed.
On 28th March, 2008, China Mobile Group announced that TD-SCDMA will begin to use for 60,000 test users in eight selected cities from 1th April. Other 3G standards like WCDMA AND CDMA2000 will be delayed to implement until TD-SCDMA is success.
On 7th January, 2009 three main carriers: China Mobile Ltd., China Unicom Ltd. and China Telecom Corp. obtained the third-generation mobile phone licenses. They went to an agreement of long term plan to develop the standard and they would $41 billion in spending on new equipment.
In 2008, TD performed very well during the 29th Beijing Olympic Games, and gained the success of trial commercial service in Chinese 10 big cities. The standards for TD-LTE, the TD-SCDMA technology migration, have been almost fixed and the product development work is under its way. After gained TD license in Jan 2009, China Mobile issued timetable for TD network construction and subscriber development plan. TD is entering a new commercial history era.
The development of 3G standard took a lot of money and time because China's government wanted to develop its own technology to compete with two global 3G standards.The Chinese-developed standard, TD-SCDMA appeared to be an effort to make sure the new system has the financial and technical backing to succeed.
Tuesday, June 16, 2009
Advantages of TD-SCDMA Technology
Advantages of TD-SCDMA Technology can be listed as follows:
Flexible use of spectrum
Both WCDMA and cdma2000 belong to FDD system, requiring pair uplink and downlink frequency and protective space of de jure width, causing difficulty in frequency planning. For nationwide networking under FDD, it requires at least 15MHz*2 for both uplink and downlink, or 30M frequency. Under TD-SCDMA, the bandwidth of single carrier is only 1.6MHz. Besides, TDD requires no symmetrical band and can be placed anywhere. 20 MHz frequency is enough for building a nationwide network, with no less capacity than 30M FDD network.
Higher spectrum availability
WCDMA has 5MHz*2, or 10MHz bandwidth in each carrier to support about 60 path voice ( co-frequency and multi station networking), while TD-SCDMA can bear 6 carriers within 10 MHz bandwidth, with each supporting 20 paths voice simultaneously (co-frequency and multi-station networking), that is, supporting 120 voice within 10 MHz bandwidth. The spectrum efficiency of TD-SCDMA is double the level of WCDMA.
Especially good for data service
Under TDD, transmission of uplink and downlink data is decided by controlling the transmitting time length for uplink and downlink. The time length for transmitting and receiving can be flexibly controlled and altered. This feature is a special advantage for future efficient transmission of asymmetrical services such as mobile Internet and multi-media video on demand. Among Internet services, searching takes a quite large proportion but the amount of transmitting and receiving information is in obvious asymmetry as it processes little uplink data from terminal to base station but huge downlink data from base station to terminal. According to related estimation by ITU, by 2010, the proportion of uplink data and downlink data will reach 1 to 5. Only TDD can meet the requirement of efficient transmission of asymmetrical services by reducing uplink transmitting time and lengthen downlink receiving time through self-adaptive time slot adjustment. Such strength weak breathing effect, good for network planning and optimization . Due to its complex frequency features, services and its combination, complicated air environment and diversified premises, 3G system faces tremendous challenge in its network planning and optimization. CDMA system is a interference restricted system rather than resource restricted system, and its interference and coverage counteract against each other. Therefore, CDMA system has strong breathing effect, which is bad to network planning and optimization. Compared with FDD system, TD-SCDMA is a technology that can better avoid breathing effect, which greatly simplifying network planning and optimization. It can quickly respond to changes of user requirements for services and improve the overall network operation and efficiency.
Information security
So far, China’s telecommunications industry is still highly reliant on other countries. In certain areas, there are huge potential security hazards. For TD-SCDMA, as a 3G standard with our independent IPR, China owns the intellectual property rights of its core algorithm and can provide highest level encryption from base band algorithm to application layer, meeting confidential requirement for civil use, military network and governance. The dynamic beam forming of smart antenna boasts very strong tracking, anti-tracking and monitoring functions.
Reference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TD-SCDMA
TD-SCDMA Technology Strength http://www.tdscdma-forum.org/en/
Flexible use of spectrum
Both WCDMA and cdma2000 belong to FDD system, requiring pair uplink and downlink frequency and protective space of de jure width, causing difficulty in frequency planning. For nationwide networking under FDD, it requires at least 15MHz*2 for both uplink and downlink, or 30M frequency. Under TD-SCDMA, the bandwidth of single carrier is only 1.6MHz. Besides, TDD requires no symmetrical band and can be placed anywhere. 20 MHz frequency is enough for building a nationwide network, with no less capacity than 30M FDD network.
Higher spectrum availability
WCDMA has 5MHz*2, or 10MHz bandwidth in each carrier to support about 60 path voice ( co-frequency and multi station networking), while TD-SCDMA can bear 6 carriers within 10 MHz bandwidth, with each supporting 20 paths voice simultaneously (co-frequency and multi-station networking), that is, supporting 120 voice within 10 MHz bandwidth. The spectrum efficiency of TD-SCDMA is double the level of WCDMA.
Especially good for data service
Under TDD, transmission of uplink and downlink data is decided by controlling the transmitting time length for uplink and downlink. The time length for transmitting and receiving can be flexibly controlled and altered. This feature is a special advantage for future efficient transmission of asymmetrical services such as mobile Internet and multi-media video on demand. Among Internet services, searching takes a quite large proportion but the amount of transmitting and receiving information is in obvious asymmetry as it processes little uplink data from terminal to base station but huge downlink data from base station to terminal. According to related estimation by ITU, by 2010, the proportion of uplink data and downlink data will reach 1 to 5. Only TDD can meet the requirement of efficient transmission of asymmetrical services by reducing uplink transmitting time and lengthen downlink receiving time through self-adaptive time slot adjustment. Such strength weak breathing effect, good for network planning and optimization . Due to its complex frequency features, services and its combination, complicated air environment and diversified premises, 3G system faces tremendous challenge in its network planning and optimization. CDMA system is a interference restricted system rather than resource restricted system, and its interference and coverage counteract against each other. Therefore, CDMA system has strong breathing effect, which is bad to network planning and optimization. Compared with FDD system, TD-SCDMA is a technology that can better avoid breathing effect, which greatly simplifying network planning and optimization. It can quickly respond to changes of user requirements for services and improve the overall network operation and efficiency.
Information security
So far, China’s telecommunications industry is still highly reliant on other countries. In certain areas, there are huge potential security hazards. For TD-SCDMA, as a 3G standard with our independent IPR, China owns the intellectual property rights of its core algorithm and can provide highest level encryption from base band algorithm to application layer, meeting confidential requirement for civil use, military network and governance. The dynamic beam forming of smart antenna boasts very strong tracking, anti-tracking and monitoring functions.
Reference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TD-SCDMA
TD-SCDMA Technology Strength http://www.tdscdma-forum.org/en/
Monday, June 15, 2009
Introduction of TD-SCDMA
TD-SCDMA （Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access）is a 3G wireless telecommunications standard raised by China Wireless Telecommunications Standard Group (CWTS) and developed by China Academy of Telecommunication Technology (CATT) and Siemens. TD-SCDMA is a kind of combination technology of three basic transmission modes, FDMA, TDMA and CDMA, featuring with large system capacity, high use rate of spectrum and strong anti-interference capability. The basement of TD-SCDMA is the network of GSM-MAP .
Comparing with the existed technology, TD-SCDMA technology has many advantages. As TD-SCDMA is a combination technology, it adopts advanced technology such as time division duplex, smart antenna, joint detection, baton handover, uplink synchronization and dynamic channel allocation (DCA).
Time Division Duplex：Time Division Duplex is a fundamental differentiator between TD-SCDMA and FDD. TD-SCDMA system, under TDD mode, enables uplink and downlink transmission in the same carrier, rather than symmetrical uplink and downlink spectrum as required by FDD. Apart from great improvement of the spectrum availability by fully leveraging spectrum resources, TDD mode also boasts the strength of flexible adjustment of uplink and downlink conversion point based on different service type, thus providing best service capacity and spectrum availability.
Comparing with the existed technology, TD-SCDMA technology has many advantages. As TD-SCDMA is a combination technology, it adopts advanced technology such as time division duplex, smart antenna, joint detection, baton handover, uplink synchronization and dynamic channel allocation (DCA).
Time Division Duplex：Time Division Duplex is a fundamental differentiator between TD-SCDMA and FDD. TD-SCDMA system, under TDD mode, enables uplink and downlink transmission in the same carrier, rather than symmetrical uplink and downlink spectrum as required by FDD. Apart from great improvement of the spectrum availability by fully leveraging spectrum resources, TDD mode also boasts the strength of flexible adjustment of uplink and downlink conversion point based on different service type, thus providing best service capacity and spectrum availability.
Smart Antenna: Smart Antenna system consists of a set of antenna array, its connected receiver and advanced digital signal processing algorithm, On the transmit side, the smart antenna produces phase difference on the antenna array based on the received signals, withdraws terminal location information, and effectively produces multiple beam forming, with each beam directing towards a specific terminal and moving with it automatically, thus reducing co-channel interference and improving downlink capacity. The space beam forming results in great deduction of the total RF transmission power with the cell coverage unchanged. It helps improve the space electro-magnetic environment on the one hand and reduce the cost of wireless base stations on the other. On the receiving side, the smart antenna, through space selection diversity, can greatly improve the receiving sensitivity and reduce co-channel interference of users in different locations. As a result, it can effectively consolidate multi-path component, offset multi-path fading and improve uplink capacity.
Joint Detection: Joint detection technology is an inhibitor to multi-user interference, a major technology for eliminating and reducing multi-user interference. It process all user signals as useful signals, thus fully utilizing information from user signal such as the spread code, amplitude, time setting and delay, greatly reduce multi-path and multi-access interference. Combining with smart antenna technology, the joint detection technology can achieve better desired results.
Baton Handover: Baton handover is one of the core technologies of TD-SCDMA mobile communications system. It is a new handover approach between hard handover and soft handover. The principle is to obtain information of transmission time and power in the uplink channel in advance by using uplink pre-sync technology during the handover measurement period, thus reduce handover time, improve success rate and reduce drop rate. The whole process is like a baton match in the field sports, so it is vividly granted a name of baton handover. Compared with hard handover and soft handover, baton handover boasts advantages of less handover time, requiring only one wireless link during the whole handover process, less wireless resources as compared with soft handover, higher success rate as compared with hard handover as the uplink and downlink handover run separately, and enabling harmless handover etc.
Uplink Synchronization: Uplink Synchronization refers to full synchronization of signals transmitted by various terminals at the uplink channel at the base station demodulator. This is enabled through software and physical layer design. It enables complete orthogonality of all path in orthogonal spread spectrum code during dispreading, thus producing no multi-access interference. It overcomes the bottleneck of asynchronous CDMA technology for interferences arising from non-orthogonal path due to different arriving time of signals transmitted by each mobile terminal to base stations, thus improving the TD-SCDMA system capacity and spectrum availability. It can also simplify hardware circuit and reduce cost. Dynamic Channel Allocation: Dynamic channel allocation technology adopted by TD-SCDMA enables flexible wireless allocation in time domain, space domain and code domain. This technology enables better avoidance of interference and minimum channel reuse distance of TD-SCDMA system, thus efficiently utilizing the limited wireless resources and improving the system capacity. In addition, dynamic channel allocation in time domain enables flexible allocation of time slot resources, dynamic adjustment of the number of uplink and downlink time slots, so as to support symmetrical and asymmetrical services flexibly.
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